1. 前Google、特斯拉、Uber巨头打造“梦之队”，自动驾驶的“混战”开始了？

    2 月 7 日，据彭博社报道，美国自动驾驶公司 Aurora 获得了 5.3 亿美元 B 轮融资。这轮融资由硅谷风投公司红杉资本（Sequoia Capital）领投，亚马逊、普信集团（T. Rowe Price Group Inc.）、壳牌石油等参投。这轮融资后，Aurora 的估值将高达 25 亿美元，一举跻身硅谷独角兽之列。

    5.3 亿美元的巨额投资也使 Aurora 打破了 Zoox 曾创下的 5 亿美元融资记录，成为单笔融资量最大的独立自动驾驶企业。

    与苹果、Google、特斯拉这样“自产自销”的技术巨头不同，Aurora 要做的是与汽车厂商合作，为传统汽车提供自动驾驶全栈解决方案。

    2018年1月，Aurora 已经与大众和现代这两家全球最大的汽车制造商达成合作，加速开发自动驾驶车。

    看法：各个公司融资记录需要梳理一下，既然2月7日还破了融资记录，一定程度上说明落地可能性增加。

  2. Model 3配送部门成特斯拉裁员重灾区 暗示北美需求下滑

    上个月，特斯拉公布了第二轮裁员计划以节约成本，特斯拉的一个关键部门——配送部门受到的冲击比市场预期的还要大。路透社援引两名被裁员工的话说，特斯拉将北美的配送部门员工减少了一半以上。

    特斯拉在北美的配送部门位于拉斯维加斯，原有员工230人左右，1月时，特斯拉将这一部门的大约150人扫地出门。配送部门主要的职责是将成千上万辆特斯拉Model 3汽车配送到美国和加拿大订购者手中。由于这一部门大规模裁员，未来特斯拉汽车的配送速度可能将大幅减慢。

    路透社分析指出，特斯拉之前并没有公布此次裁员的细节，如今曝出北美配送部门遭到大幅裁员，恐怕会加剧投资者的担忧。

    看法：特斯拉至少敢于大刀阔斧的干，先活下来才有可能获得最后的成功。只为了股价的公司也许不会这么做。

  3. Volvo’s self-driving car venture gets nod to test on Swedish roads

    Veoneer said the Zenuity joint venture’s software for Level 4 autonomous driving - the second highest level - would be tested in a Volvo car by trained drivers with their hands off the steering wheel at a maximum speed of 80 kilometers per hour (50 miles per hour).

    Zenuity, formed by Volvo and Veoneer in 2017, is expected to have its first driver assistance products on sale by 2019 with autonomous driving technologies shortly afterwards. Volvo and its Chinese parent Geely are customers.

    olvo has goals of delivering self-driving cars sometime after 2021 and deriving a third of its sales from fully autonomous cars by 2025.

    看法：可以做个自动驾驶地图，看看那些国家和地区都上线了自动驾驶，同时对比不同国家的技术、市场、和政策。

  4. The Big Challenges In Regulating Self-Driving Cars

    In fact, there is a counter-intuitive analogy that makes driverless cars less inexplicable. Long before the arrival of self-driving cars, there was the elevator. Elevators transformed how humans physically move through buildings, eventually eliminating the need for human operators altogether.

    看法： 把自动驾驶比作电梯很新颖，刚开始电梯需要服务人员，而现在电梯不需要。

  5. Apex.AI Does the Invisible Work That Will Make Self-Driving Cars Possible

    Apex.AI is a startup that’s taking everything that’s great about ROS and adding the reliability, stability, and security that’s required to use it as a software framework for commercial autonomous cars. Founded by some of the folks who were involved with ROS from the very beginning, Apex.AI wants to handle all of the complicated and boring stuff so that car companies can make progress on everything else.

    看法：最后做得好就卖给大公司。

  6. AMAZON’S SELF-DRIVING BET AND MORE CAR NEWS THIS WEEK

    the robotics veterans behind autonomous vehicle company Aurora just raised a cool $530 million in funding, and check out where it came from: stalwart Silicon Valley venture firm Sequoia Capital and … Amazon.

    看法：亚马逊投资的Aurora，巨头全数入场。

  7. New Video By MIT Dives Into Tesla Autopilot And Other Self-Driving Tech

    看法：lex打破人们的惯性看法去思考。惯性看法：1. The driving task is easy；2. Humans are bad at driving； 3. Humans and automation don’t mix well。lex尝试总结瓶颈，但是大家都知道很难，没有人说是不可能，那是否意味着确实没有碰到墙。

  8. Self-driving cars could actually make congestion much worse

    Where does your self-driving car go after it has dropped you off?

    That’s the question Adam Millard-Ball set out to answer in his latest research — and the results of his investigation could throw cold water on some of the promised benefits of self-driving cars.

    As the University of California, Santa Cruz environmental studies professor lays out in his research set to publish next month in the Journal of Transportation Policy, autonomous vehicles have three choices when it comes to what to do between rides: park, go home, or circle aimlessly to kill time.

    “In practice, the decisions by AVs regarding parking location and where to park or cruise are likely to be economically driven,” the paper says. And the cheapest option is likely to be cruising for more than 40% of trips, Millard-Ball found.

    AVs are even more reason for congestion pricing

    看法：Journal of Transportation Policy可以关注，AV方便拥堵税征收。

  9. Book review: Just what is the future of cars? Author says autonomy is coming soon

    看法：行业新书可以浏览《Autonomy：The Quest to build the driverless car and how it will reshape our world》

  10. Florida Law Would Allow Self-Driving Cars With No Safety Drivers

    看法：“法律地图”有待梳理

  11. Who’s liable when a self-driving car runs you over? Legislative bill attempts to clarify that

    Legislative Bill 142 is an attempt to not only clarify who is liable, but th standardize that across the nation, based on guidance provided by the U.S. Department of Transportation and the federal Highway Traffic Safety Administration last summer.

    看法：法律因素需要梳理。或者自己梳理太慢的话，找到梳理的文章也好。

  12. A second Apple self-driving car engineer is accused of stealing trade secrets

    A recently unsealed affidavit by an FBI agent alleges former Apple engineer Jizhong Chen took confidential and proprietary information about Apple’s self-driving project to his personal devices in an attempt to steal trade secrets.

    Another engineer was accused of similar crimes in July.

    Chen claimed he was applying for jobs internally at Apple, but allegedly applied to two external roles, including one at a direct competitor to Apple’s self-driving car unit based in China.

    看法：道德才能走得长远。

  13. Wall Street is split on self-driving cars

    The bet on data helps to explain why analysts at Morgan Stanley have very different views on the two leading AV companies.

    Auto analyst Adam Jonas recently reduced the value of GM’s self-driving car unit, Cruise Automation, to $9 billion, from $11.5 billion, citing delayed expectations for fully self-driving cars.

    Meanwhile, tech analyst Brian Nowak figures Alphabet’s self-driving car unit, Waymo, is worth $37 billion, and perhaps as much as $175 billion, citing future opportunities from robotaxis, logistics and licensing revenues.

    Those same opportunities are available to Cruise, too, but for the moment, GM investors are focused more on the roadblocks ahead.

    Jonas says the massive gap between Cruise and Waymo is realistic because of the advantage Waymo has from Google’s superior data analytics capability.

    看法：华尔街都对自动驾驶的实现时间出现了分歧。这是为什么？他们获取到的信息不一样吗？

  14. Self-Driving Truck Startup Embark Releases Performance Data

  15. 共享电助力车为何在三四线城市先“火”了？

    为了方便运营人员管理、维护车辆，几乎所有共享助力车品牌，都会要求用户定点还车。如果中途停留，周边又没有停车点，就只能临时锁车（系统将继续计费）。

    由于共享助力车需要通过人工手段，集中更换位于车辆座椅底下的电瓶。如果运营工人休息，那么车辆的正常运作将受到影响。然而最让张师傅感到头疼的，却不是春节无休。

    “在这边投放共享助力车好几个月了，损坏率比共享单车更高。”他无奈的表示，过去有不少黑摩的（黑车）司机，都将共享单车视为影响生意的“竞争者”，因此常共享单车损坏、拆毁、扔弃的现象时有发生。如今，他们在投放了共享电助力车后，更是被一些人视为眼中钉、肉中刺。

    看法：助力车的管制属于模糊地带。难以做大。

  16. 汽车产能闲置的“堰塞湖”已成

    看法：共享出行是否造成了用车观念的改变？

  17. SoftBank’s next bet: $940M into autonomous delivery startup Nuro

    看法：又一笔巨额资金流入行业。

  18. TESLA IN ‘AUTOPILOT’ MODE CRASHES ON ROUTE 1, COPS SAY

    A Tesla being operated in autopilot mode got “confused” by the lane markings on Route 1 and crashed, police say.

    The crash took place near Adams Lane in North Brunswick, when the Tesla went off the road around 6:40 p.m., North Brunswick police said.

    看法：不会影响进程。

  19. Lyft brings on Uber’s former global head of internal audit

    The battle between Uber and Lyft, which are both expected to go public this year, continues. Today, Lyft announced the hire of Michelle DeBella, formerly Uber’s global head of internal audit, as its own VP of finance strategy.

    有巨头就有老二。

  20. In The Race For Self-Driving People Movers, May Mobility Could Beat Waymo

    While automotive companies and technology giants are racing to make cars drive themselves on the open road, a Michigan-based start-up is taking a smaller approach that could beat everyone to the punch. May Mobility is already operating low-speed, driverless shuttles in Michigan and Ohio, and has closed its Series A fund that will allow it expand its services to other cities.

    May Mobility is tackling a part of the $28 billion “last mile” problem that many commuters encounter when using public transportation by replacing large, diesel busses with a fleet of electric, self-driving vehicles that transports people along a carefully planned and defined route.

    May Mobility采用不同策略，低速，固定路线，解决最后一公里，先把客户运营起来。之后自动驾驶技术应该不是掌握在一家公司手上，也容易获得。关键可能还在于如何运营自动驾驶车辆。

  21. REPORT: TOYOTA WILL HAVE A SELF-DRIVING CAR FOR SALE IN A YEAR

    “The prototypes and the preproduction vehicles that the team is building here at TRI-AD are going to be … the most intelligent supercomputer on wheels,” Kuffner said late last month at TRI-AD’s temporary office near Tokyo Station. “We’ve called it the moonshot of my generation to build this technology and bring it to market.”

    可能性较低，因为即使技术成熟，还有赖于政策和市场。这个时候如何给团队定目标？如果考虑政策和市场定目标，那可能永远都不会努力去影响政策和市场。这样的目标虽然不一定能完成，但也许是个好目标。

  22. Dutch ‘most ready’ to accept self-driving cars but bikes are a problem

    自行车不是一个问题。和行人一样解决。

  23. 36氪独家 传滴滴2018年亏损109亿，司机补贴113亿元

    36氪得到的一份滴滴出行内部流传出来的财务数据显示，该公司2018年持续巨额亏损，全年亏损高达109亿元人民币。同时，2018年全年滴滴在司机补贴方面投入共计113亿元。

    去年9月，一封滴滴内部邮件曾显示，滴滴在2018年上半年亏损达40.4亿元。这也意味着，滴滴在2018年下半年的亏损达到68.6亿元。

    而36氪了解到，2017年滴滴全年亏损25亿元人民币。

    全年司机补贴113亿，意味着每天补贴0.3亿。假如每天3000万订单，意味着每个订单补贴1元钱，这样看并不算高。关键在于如何定义补贴，这补贴是转嫁到乘客，还是滴滴自身承担。要保持和同行的竞争，滴滴能够维持多少的抽成？滴滴平台的价值（更多客户，更好的服务）体现到每个订单中又值多少钱？滴滴也许不是共享出行的终局，最终在出行上会有差异化的竞争对手。自动驾驶出租车的运营和现在的出行平台的运营最大的差别又在哪里？

  24. 知名分析师：“微移动”是颠覆传统汽车业的杀手

    研究让我得出了一个结论：其中最有希望而且最有趣的是微移动性。交通革命将会自底向上发起。来自那些最小的、最便宜的、最有可能被使用的车辆。是那些共享单车、滑板车、电单车，可能还会有许多新型的车辆冒出来。

    微移动性是指机动车。之前我说过，微移动性是指小于等于500公斤的载具，但是这里我要修正一下，该载具要有（a）发动机以及（b）用于效用交通（utility transport，不是用来玩的）。

    颠覆（Disruption，第一个字母大写）是克莱顿·克里斯滕森定义的一个术语。他说如果一直新技术促进的新型商业模式跟既有的相比具备足够的不对称的话，既有者就不会尝试对其做任何事情。但是这种新兴商业模式会快速演进。

    最终这种新的商业模式会克服性能限制，占据既有者越来越多的市场份额，使得既有者放弃现有市场而选择高端市场。这样他们会处在一个更为舒适的位置，还能够不断创造利润。

    出行分布情况有趣之处在于绝大部分都是非常短途的，实际上，如果你把所有12英里一下的出行累计到一起的话，在花销数额上是跟所有12英里以上的出行花销持平的（我计算过美国的情况）。这个就叫做平价点（point of parity）：运输价值达到平衡的距离。

    理论可以预测这是怎么发生的，但是这并不意味着那些知道理论的人对此可以做任何事情。所以这才被叫做窘境。

    TAAS是大趋势。但我认为最终的微移动性不是由自行车或者电滑板车完成，也不是由汽车完成。而是由中间一种小型的、或许两座的汽车完成。因为自行车或电滑板车有学习成本，且较为危险。同时假设12英里，人是否有兴趣每天都集中注意驾驶12英里？

  25. 最前线 日产雷诺加入谷歌阵营，告别戈恩合作止损

    《日本经济新闻》2月12日消息称，日产雷诺在自动驾驶方面选择加入谷歌Waymo阵营，双方将联合研发无人驾驶出租车，实现商业化应用。

    据知情人士透露，目前双方正处于交涉协商的最后阶段，消息可能会在春季宣布，双方将共同研发“移动服务”，涉及开发使用日产自动驾驶出租车车队、开发处理预约和支付出租车服务的系统。

    Waymo到底走的是什么样的路？只做系统吗？

  26. Autonomous truck startup TuSimple hits unicorn status in latest round

    TuSimple, a self-driving truck startup running daily routes for customers in Arizona, has raised $95 million in a Series D funding round led by Sina Corp. as the company prepares to scale up its commercial autonomous fleet to more than 50 trucks by June.

    TuSimple’s focus on cameras.

    图森科技居然是新浪领投。图森的商业模式一直给人一种很清晰的感觉。

  27. Check out the first interior view of Honda’s Urban EV prototype

    两座的！

  28. Lime loses appeal to operate electric scooters in SF

    Lime, similar to its competitors Spin and JUMP, just got word that while its appeal to operate electric scooters in phase one of San Francisco’s pilot program was denied, it may be able to deploy scooters during phase two. This comes following San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Neutral Hearing Officer James Doyle’s decision regarding Ford’s Spin, Uber’s JUMP and now Lime’s appeals of the permitting process.

    政府关系和合规的重要性。

  29. California’s self-driving car reports are imperfect, but they’re better than nothing

    怎样的报告才能更好？

  30. Trolley Dilemmas Shouldn’t Influence Self-Driving Policies, Experts Argue

    电车难题的解释。

  31. 李飞飞团队造出窥视未来新AI：去哪干啥一起猜，准确率压倒老前辈

    李飞飞的名号。

  32. 无人车技术哪家强？全球自动驾驶实力排名榜

    能说明一些问题，但不能说明所有问题。只是个简单的指标，如果我希望这个指标好看，我可以拿一台车，在最简单的路上一直跑。

  33. 李想离开快4年了，汽车之家你还好么？

    “团队出色，现金充裕，财报持续优异攀新，从未让人失望。更重要的是，这个企业站立在汽车-互联网这最时髦的风口潮头，不需要太费劲的运作，就会给新股东们带来丰厚的回报。”在接受《棱镜》采访时，前汽车之家副总裁马刚表示。

    马刚此前撰文也犀利地写道：“平安信托不是屠户，他们是牛贩子，交易费用由平安信托筹集，这个股权交易作为一个金融信托产品售卖给其他财团，三年的账期。也就是说，三年内平安信托必须从汽车之家的股权交易中套现，和背后的财团分享利益。”

    上市之后一些东西会改变，怎么防止其改变？

  34. WiTricity并购高通旗下电动车无线充电业务，将在中国落地

    2月11日，美国创新企业WiTricity宣布并购高通旗下电动车无线充电平台Halo，获得了高通所有汽车无线充电相关专利及专利申请、所有客户和授权。双方没有透露相关的交易条款。高通在交易后持有少量WiTricity的股份。高通称出售Halo原因是“需要更加聚焦于核心业务”。

    根据美国汽车工程师协会（SAE）在2017年底公布的标准，无线充电的输出功率提高到了11kW，超出常见的交流充电桩7kW的功率。汽车从完全亏电状态到全部充满需7-8个小时，与目前国内的插电式充电方式效率相当。以11kW充电，则可在4-5小时内充电完毕。现在无线充电车装部分价格已经和有线充电车装部分一致。地装部分成本在量产后价格有望低于1000美元。。

    WiTricity的CEO Gruzen认为，与无线充电相竞争的主要是插电式充电模式。但是前者在客户体验上与应用场景上具有优势。无线充电模式省去了用户停车后还需要插上充电设备这一步骤。

    “统计显示，大约有20%的司机停车后忘记插上插电插头，”Gruzen告诉36氪。

    如果两个技术效果一样，仅仅是少插插头这个操作，就足够让无线充电成为主流

  35. 最前线 特斯拉一季度预计烧10亿美元，但它面临的挑战可不只这些

    特斯拉的充电站占美国充电站总量的30%-40%，形成了很强的护城河，但是其充电网络的增速远低于汽车数量的增长——每年充电站数量增长约为40%，而上路行驶的特斯拉汽车数量的增幅为83%。另外，公司车辆的增长幅度也远高于其实体店和定点服务网络的增长。

    特斯拉解决产能问题后，销量是关键。

  36. 地图之战：日美汽车制造商组建自动驾驶地图数据联盟，谷歌霸主地位不保？

    在构建自动驾驶所必需的地图数据平台方面，日美企业将展开合作。据外媒报道，由丰田、本田、日产等车企支持的日本地图平台开发商Dynamic Map Platform（DMP）计划收购美国通用汽车旗下的地图平台公司Ushr，收购额预计接近200亿日元（约1.8亿美元）。

    行业背后的力量也许还有国家的力量。

  37. China’s Didi is laying off 15% of its staff

    China’s largest ride-hailing firm Didi plans to let go 15 percent of its employees or about 2,000 people this year, sources told TechCrunch. The cut comes as the beleagured transportation giant copes with a stricter regulatory environment that puts a squeeze on driver supply and backlash from two high-profile passenger murders last year.

    滴滴之前大战的时候敢打，现在也敢及时止损，问题还不大。

  38. Uber Freight snags Airbnb, Box veterans as it eyes global expansion

    Uber Freight, which helps truck drivers connect with shipping companies, has made two high-profile hires this month as it continues to scale up its app and plans for a global expansion.

    Uber的又一个扩张尝试。

  39. $10M Claim Blames Ducey, State for Uber Self-Driving Crash That Killed Woman

    错误的代价。

  40. 留给滴滴的时间已经不多了

    今天，滴滴传出一则重磅信息：滴滴将于2019年对非主业进行“关停并转”，整体裁员15%，涉及人数2000人左右。而就在前天，有媒体曝出滴滴出行2018年财务数据，据该数据显示，滴滴出行2018年全年亏损高达109亿元人民币。

    不少媒体认为，滴滴亏损的原因是滴滴对司机的高额补贴，以及去年8月底顺风车停运之后整改产生的新成本，但事实可能并非完全如此。补贴和整改确实影响了滴滴的业绩，但它们的杀伤力被夸大了，而这种公关式的说辞背后可能隐藏着更深的问题。

    滴滴是ofo较早的投资方之一，滴滴系曾一度在ofo占据多个高管席位，但随后双方交恶。去年的退押潮让ofo资金链崩溃，这家公司现在几乎已成死局，而滴滴在ofo的持股高达25%以上。以ofo的体量来估算，滴滴在ofo上的投资亏损相当巨大，因此这一条很可能是滴滴巨额亏损的重要原因，但滴滴对此讳莫如深，缄口不言，实际亏损额度外界无从得知。

    亏了这么多钱，到底亏到哪儿了？

  41. Uber reports $3B in Q4 revenue, rising operating losses

    Uber的情况